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As palavras têm mistérios e são cheias de sutis complexidades. Todo homem é um animal etimologista, o que significa que as pessoas apresentam um interesse natural por conhecer a origem das palavras que usam no cotidiano. Carlos Drumond de Andrade: “lutar com palavras / é luta mais vã / entanto lutamos / mal rompe a manhã “.

Para melhor sabermos do significado das palavras da nossa língua, pincei alguns exemplos de três livros: De Onde Vêm as Palavras – Frases e Curiosidades da Língua Portuguesa, de Deonísio da Silva, Editora Mandarim; A Origem Curiosa das Palavras,de Márcio Bueno, Editora José Olympio , e finalmente A Casa da Mãe Joana – Curiosidades nas origens das palavras, frases e marcas, de Reinaldo Pimenta, Editora Campus.


Do livro De Onde Vêm as Palavras:

Assassino: do árabe ashohashin, bebedores de haxixe. Durante as cruzadas, integrantes de uma seita, embriagados dessa droga, matavam a quem seu chefe lhes indicasse. Por isso, passou a significar homicida.

Conchavo: do latim conclave, designando qualquer das dependências da casa que se fecham com uma só chave, como o quarto, a alcova, a sala. Passou a denominar acordos porque estes são feitos em recintos fechados, ainda que depois sejam discutidos também em lugares públicos, como acontece com as combinações políticas.

Faísca: do alemão antigo falaviska, em cruzamento com o latim favilla, ambos significando fogo pequeno. Por isso, alguns pesquisadores viram neste vocábulo a origem de favela: vistas de longe, as luzes dos barracos eram foguinhos. Entretanto, há controvérsias, pois o amontoado das toscas construções poderia ter esse nome devido à forma de favo, lembrando uma abelheira.

Ficção: Do latim fictione, declinação de fictio, de fingire, fingir, modelar, inventar. A ficção literária, em prosa ou poesia, é um faz-de-conta com a realidade, um fingimento que cria paradoxalmente, uma outra realidade, tal como aparecem nos famosos versos de Fernando Pessoa: “O poeta é um fingidor / finge tão completamente / que chega a fingir que é dor / a dor que deveras sente”.


Do livro A Origem Curiosa das Palavras:

Banguela: Desdentado, indivíduo cuja arcada dentária é falha na frente. A origem do nome é a cidade de Benguela, situada na baía de Santo Antonio, em Angola. A população negra dessa região tinha o costume de limar os dentes incisivos das crianças O estrago era grande, pois os incisivos são os oito dentes da frente, que ficam entre os caninos. O termo é usado também na expressão “na banguela”, com o significado de “com a marcha do veículo desengatada, ou desengrenada”. O mesmo que “em ponto morto”. A origem seria o fato de engatar, ou engrenar uma marcha, é o mesmo que “endentar”. Significa fazer com que as engrenagens da marcha se engatem com as do eixo do motor, ou que os dentes se encaixem, para que haja a tração. Quando está em ponto morto, geralmente em descida de ladeira, o carro se movimenta sem ajuda dos dentes, ou sem os dentes, o que teria gerado a expressão “na banguela”.

Baitola: Termo de uso mais freqüente no Nordeste do Brasil, denominando, com conotação pejorativa, homossexual masculino. A palavra, que se pronuncia Baitôla, teria surgido durante a construção de ferrovias na região por uma companhia inglesa. A mão-de-obra qualificada, como os engenheiros, eram ingleses, e os operários, brasileiros. Os ingleses, entre os quais havia alguns homossexuais, em vez de dizer `bitola` (distância entre os trilhos), pronunciavam `baitola`. Por isso, os operários passaram a brincar entre si com essa palavra arrevesada, chamando de `baitola` quem fazia algum gesto afetado.

Dizimar: Atualmente o termo é usado principalmente no sentido de exterminar ou destruir parte de um grupo ou população. O vocábulo tem relação com “dízima” ou “dízimo” que designa o imposto ou contribuição correspondente à décima parte do rendimento. A origem foi o costume de se punir uma tropa militar por indisciplina, sublevação ou outro crime militar, fazendo destacar um soldado em cada grupo de dez e executá-lo à frente de todos. Tratava-se, portanto, da execução da décima parte da tropa. Com o tempo, o termo passou a incorporar vários outros significados, como exterminar, aniquilar de uma maneira geral em relação a pessoas, animais, plantações etc.

Vinheta: Em rádio e televisão, vinheta é uma peça curta utilizada para abrir e fechar programas, ou blocos, e também para identificar a emissora, o programa ou o patrocinador. A origem é o francês vignette, que significa “pequena vinha” ou “pequena plantação de uvas”. Mas qual a relação de uma coisa com outra? Originalmente, era chamado de vignete, em francês, o desenho em forma de folhas e cachos de videiras que ornamentavam louças ou peças de mobiliário. Depois, passou a denominar ornamento do início e do alto da página de um livro ou capítulo – na imprensa escrita passou a designar letra ornamentada ou pequena ilustração para marcar, como um símbolo, diversas matérias que tratam do mesmo assunto. Daí, o termo foi adotado por outro veículo como rádio e a televisão, para designar peça que tem alguma relação com o símbolo utilizado pela imprensa escrita, mas que está a uma distância infinita do significado primitivo, de “pequena vinha”


Do Livro A Casa da Mãe Joana:

Bocó: A palavra francesa boucaut (um saco feito de pele de bode para transporte de líquidos) veio de bouc (bode) e deu no espanhol bocoy. Daí chegou ao brasileiro bocó para designar um saco feito de couro de tatu. Como o bocó não tem tampa, ficando sempre aberto, a palavra passou a se aplicar à pessoa palerma, tola, que vive de boca aberta, em pasmo permanente.

Camarada: Do francês camarade, que veio do espanhol camarada. Era como se tratavam os soldados espanhóis porque comiam e dormiam juntos na mesma câmara, no mesmo quarto.

Óculos: O latim oculu, olho, originou em português olho e óculo. Óculo é sinônimo de luneta ou qualquer instrumento com lentes para auxiliar ou aumentar a visão. Daí binóculo – formado de bi (dois) + óculo - duas lunetas. Óculos (no plural) é o resultado de duas lentes paralelas para auxiliar a visão. São dois óculos. Por isso deve-se dizer, no plural, “Onde estão meus óculos?”, e não “Onde está meu óculos?”, que é tão errado quanto “Onde está minha calças?”.


Saravá: É a interjeição umbandista equivalente a salve! Saravá era como os escravos africanos pronunciavam a palavra salvar, com influência da fonética do banto, sua língua nativa.

Trivial: Do latim triviale, comum, vulgar, derivado de trivium (tri + via), cruzamento de três caminhos, praça pública, um lugar em que as pessoas se encontravam para bater papo, fofocar, enfim para tratar de trivialidades.

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